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HIFU 1

乳腺癌 1

任务规划；机器人；规划领域定义语言（PDDL）；回答集程序（ASP） 1

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A systematic graph-based method for the kinematic synthesis of non-anthropomorphic wearable robots for the lower limbs

Fabrizio SERGI, Dino ACCOTO, Nevio L. TAGLIAMONTE, Giorgio CARPINO, Eugenio GUGLIELMELLI

《机械工程前沿（英文）》 2011年第6卷第1期页码 61-70 doi: 10.1007/s11465-011-0206-2

摘要：

The choice of non-anthropomorphic kinematic solutions for wearable robots is motivated both by the necessity of improving the ergonomics of physical Human-Robot Interaction and by the chance of exploiting the intrinsic dynamical properties of the robotic structure so to improve its performances. Under these aspects, this new class of robotic solutions is potentially advantageous over the one of anthropomorphic robotic orthoses. However, the process of kinematic synthesis of non-anthropomorphic wearable robots can be too complex to be solved uniquely by relying on conventional synthesis methods, due to the large number of open design parameters. A systematic approach can be useful for this purpose, since it allows to obtain the complete list of independent kinematic solutions with desired properties. In this perspective, this paper presents a method, which allows to generalize the problem of kinematic synthesis of a non-anthropomorphic wearable robot for the assistance of a specified set of contiguous body segments. The methodology also includes two novel tests, specifically devised to solve the problem of enumeration of kinematic structures of wearable robots: the HR-isomorphism and the HR-degeneracy tests. This method has been implemented to derive the atlas of independent kinematic solutions suitable to be used for the kinematic design of a planar wearable robot for the lower limbs.

关键词： assistive robotics non-anthropomorphic wearable robots topology kinematic synthesis HR-isomorphism test HR-degeneracy test

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Surgical robotics: A look-back of latest advancement and bio-inspired ways to tackle existing challenges

Yang LIU, Jing LIU

《机械工程前沿（英文）》 2012年第7卷第4期页码 376-384 doi: 10.1007/s11465-012-0352-1

摘要：

This article is dedicated to present a review on existing challenges and latest developments in surgical robotics in attempts to overcome the obstacles lying behind. Rather than to perform an exhaustive evaluation, we would emphasize more on the new insight by digesting the emerging bio-inspired surgical technologies with potentials to revolutionize the field. Typical approaches, possible applications, advantages and technical challenges were discussed. Evolutions of surgical robotics and future trends were analyzed. It can be found that, the major difficulties in the field of surgical robots may not be properly addressed by only using conventional approaches. As an alternative, bio-inspired methods or materials may shed light on new innovations. While endeavors to deal with existing strategies still need to be made, attentions should be paid to also borrow ideas from nature.

关键词： minimally invasive surgery surgical robotics haptic feedback miniaturization bio-inspiration bionics

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Introduction to the special issue on the “IFToMM International Symposium on Robotics and Mechatronics

I-Ming CHEN, Feng GAO

《机械工程前沿（英文）》 2012年第7卷第2期页码 99-99 doi: 10.1007/s11465-012-0319-2

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人工智能与机器人辅助医学发展研究

韩晓光,朱小龙,姜宇桢,何达,刘文勇,段星光,田伟

《中国工程科学》 2023年第25卷第5期页码 43-54 doi: 10.15302/J-SSCAE-2023.07.031

摘要： Medical robotics—Regulatory, ethical, and legal considerations for increasing levels of autonomy [J]‍Science Robotics , 2017 , 2 4 : eaam8638 ‍.Autonomy in rehabilitation robotics: An intersection [J]‍.Annual Review of Control, Robotics, and Autonomous Systems , 2018 , 1 : 441 ‒ 463 ‍.strong> Chinese Academy of Engineering project “Development Strategy of Artificial Intelligence and Robotics

关键词：智慧医疗；人工智能；手术机器人；康复和护理机器人；辅助远程医疗中

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机器人技术——从自动化到智能系统

Eduardo Nebot

《工程（英文）》 2018年第4卷第4期页码 446-448 doi: 10.1016/j.eng.2018.07.018

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Stiffness analysis and experimental validation of robotic systems

Giuseppe CARBONE

《机械工程前沿（英文）》 2011年第6卷第2期页码 182-196 doi: 10.1007/s11465-011-0221-3

摘要：

Stiffness can be considered of primary importance in order to guarantee the successful use of any robotic system for a given task. Therefore, this paper proposes procedures for carrying out both numerical and experimental estimations of stiffness performance for multibody robotic systems. The proposed numerical procedure is based on models with lumped parameters for deriving the Cartesian stiffness matrix. Stiffness performance indices are also proposed for comparing stiffness performance. Then, an experimental procedure for the evaluation stiffness performance is proposed as based on a new measuring system named as Milli-CATRASYS (Milli Cassino Tracking System) and on a trilateration technique. Cases of study are reported to show the soundness and engineering feasibility of both the proposed numerical formulation for stiffness analysis and experimental validation of stiffness performance.

关键词： robotics stiffness performance numerical and experimental estimations

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Learning from biological attachment devices: applications of bioinspired reversible adhesive methods in robotics

《机械工程前沿（英文）》 2022年第17卷第3期 doi: 10.1007/s11465-022-0699-x

摘要： Many organisms have attachment organs with excellent functions, such as adhesion, clinging, and grasping, as a result of biological evolution to adapt to complex living environments. From nanoscale to macroscale, each type of adhesive organ has its own underlying mechanisms. Many biological adhesive mechanisms have been studied and can be incorporated into robot designs. This paper presents a systematic review of reversible biological adhesive methods and the bioinspired attachment devices that can be used in robotics. The study discussed how biological adhesive methods, such as dry adhesion, wet adhesion, mechanical adhesion, and sub-ambient pressure adhesion, progress in research. The morphology of typical adhesive organs, as well as the corresponding attachment models, is highlighted. The current state of bioinspired attachment device design and fabrication is discussed. Then, the design principles of attachment devices are summarized in this article. The following section provides a systematic overview of climbing robots with bioinspired attachment devices. Finally, the current challenges and opportunities in bioinspired attachment research in robotics are discussed.

关键词： adhesion bioinspired attachment biomimetic gripper climbing robot

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Comparison of indices for stiffness performance evaluation

Giuseppe CARBONE, Marco CECCARELLI,

《机械工程前沿（英文）》 2010年第5卷第3期页码 270-278 doi: 10.1007/s11465-010-0023-z

摘要： This paper addresses the problem of a numerical evaluation of the stiffness performance for multibody robotic systems. An overview is presented with basic formulation concerning indices that are proposed in literature. New indices are also outlined. Stiffness indices are computed and compared for a case study. Results are used for comparing the effectiveness of the stiffness indices. The main goal is to propose a performance index describing synthetically the elastostatic response of a multibody robotic system and also for design purposes.

关键词： robotics stiffness performance indices

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用于Aerostack空中机器人框架的一种执行控制方法 None

Martin MOLINA, Alberto CAMPORREDONDO, Hriday BAVLE, Alejandro RODRIGUEZ-RAMOS, Pascual CAMPOY

《信息与电子工程前沿（英文）》 2019年第20卷第1期页码 60-75 doi: 10.1631/FITEE.1800552

摘要：执行控制是机器人结构设计中的关键环节，对机器人终端系统质量有重要影响。描述了一种一般性的执行控制方法，用于Aerostack空中机器人软件架构，并提出执行控制和设计决策中的技术挑战。所提算法有一个原创设计，结合了用于行为（如位置检测和性能监测）执行控制的分布式方法，并集中协调，以保证并行执行的一致性。实验结果表明，该方法对不同类型空中任务具有一般性和可用性，可以高效执行任务。该方法受机器人操作系统标准支持，故适用性较广；此外，Aerostack框架集成了一项开源工程。因此，该方法的技术细节对开发者完全开放，开发者可自由地将其用于开发新型空中机器人系统。

关键词：空中机器人；控制结构；行为控制；执行系统

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工业机器人在智能制造中的角色

戴家鹏

《工程（英文）》 2018年第4卷第4期页码 440-445 doi: 10.1016/j.eng.2018.07.012

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Static balancing of planar articulated robots

Giuseppe QUAGLIA,Zhe YIN

《机械工程前沿（英文）》 2015年第10卷第4期页码 326-343 doi: 10.1007/s11465-015-0355-9

摘要：

Static balancing for a manipulator’s weight is necessary in terms of energy saving and performance improvement. This paper proposes a method to design balancing devices for articulated robots in industry, based on robotic dynamics. Full design details for the balancing system using springs are presented from two aspects: One is the optimization for the position of the balancing system; the other is the design of the spring parameters. As examples, two feasible balancing devices are proposed, based on different robotic structures: The first solution consists of linkages and springs; the other consists of pulleys, cross mechanisms and (hydro-) pneumatic springs. Then the two solutions are compared. Pneumatic, hydro-pneumatic and mechanical springs are discussed and their parameters are decided according to the requirements of torque compensation. Numerical results show that with the proper design using the methodology presented in this paper, an articulated robot can be statically balanced perfectly in all configurations. This paper therefore provides a design method of the balancing system for other similar structures.

关键词： robotics static balancing pneumatic spring mechanical spring torque compensation

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机器人任务规划：基于PDDL和ASP的任务规划系统实验比较研究 Special Feature on Intelligent Robats

Yu-qian JIANG, Shi-qi ZHANG, Piyush KHANDELWAL, Peter STONE

《信息与电子工程前沿（英文）》 2019年第20卷第3期页码 363-373 doi: 10.1631/FITEE.1800514

摘要：面对无法用单一动作解决的复杂任务时，机器人需要通过任务规划算法生成一个动作序列。现有任务规划器可以帮助智能机器人开发人员解决许多种类任务规划问题。然而，不同规划器有不同优势和劣势，没有统一准则针对问题选择规划器。本文比较了目前最先进的基于规划领域定义语言（planning domain description language, PDDL）和回答集程序（answer set programming, ASP）规划器的性能。PDDL是特别为任务规划而设计的动作语言，被广泛应用于各种规划问题。ASP主要用于知识推理，同时也能解决任务规划问题。针对这两种语言，本文使用尽可能相同的领域描述。实验结果表明，基于PDDL的规划器善于解决需要生成较多待执行动作的问题，而基于ASP的规划器更适合解决涉及对象较多的任务，或需对前提条件和后置条件做复杂推理的规划问题。针对具体机器人规划问题，本文得到的结论可以帮助研究人员从通用规划系统中选择合适规划器。

关键词：任务规划；机器人；规划领域定义语言（PDDL）；回答集程序（ASP）

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Artificial intelligence in gastroenterology: where are we heading?

Joseph JY Sung, Nicholas CH Poon

《医学前沿（英文）》 2020年第14卷第4期页码 511-517 doi: 10.1007/s11684-020-0742-4

摘要： Artificial intelligence (AI) is coming to medicine in a big wave. From making diagnosis in various medical conditions, following the latest advancements in scientific literature, suggesting appropriate therapies, to predicting prognosis and outcome of diseases and conditions, AI is offering unprecedented possibilities to improve care for patients. Gastroenterology is a field that AI can make a significant impact. This is partly because the diagnosis of gastrointestinal conditions relies a lot on image-based investigations and procedures (endoscopy and radiology). AI-assisted image analysis can make accurate assessment and provide more information than conventional analysis. AI integration of genomic, epigenetic, and metagenomic data may offer new classifications of gastrointestinal cancers and suggest optimal personalized treatments. In managing relapsing and remitting diseases such as inflammatory bowel disease, irritable bowel syndrome, and peptic ulcer bleeding, convoluted neural network may formulate models to predict disease outcome, enhancing treatment efficacy. AI and surgical robots can also assist surgeons in conducting gastrointestinal operations. While the advancement and new opportunities are exciting, the responsibility and liability issues of AI-assisted diagnosis and management need much deliberations.

关键词： artificial intelligence endoscopy robotics gastrointestinal diseases

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美国国防部先进研究项目局举办的机器人大挑战赛的参与和崎岖地面行走的滑雪式步态 Article

王宏飞, 李诗濛, 郑元芳

《工程（英文）》 2015年第1卷第1期页码 36-45 doi: 10.15302/J-ENG-2015006

摘要：

本文简要介绍了美国国防部先进研究项目局举办的机器人大挑战赛的历史，并将关注的焦点放在了2012机器人挑战赛上。作为该挑战赛DRC-HUBO队的成员，我们为完成崎岖地面的任务提出了不同的方法，如增大脚踏板、转换成四足行走等。同时，本文还介绍了一种帮助提高仿人机器人运动稳定性的新步态——滑雪式步态。本文对该步态的稳定性进行了分析，并利用稳定度裕量从两种备选的步进顺序（爬行-1和爬行-2）中进行选择。接下来，本文对滑雪式步态中冗余的闭链系统进行力/力矩分析，通过最小化总耗能量来确定关节力矩。根据稳定性分析和力/力矩分析，我们设计了一种手杖长度，使其可以支撑HUBO2仿人机器人平台稳定地实现爬行-2步态。最后，通过将本文的试验结果和两足步行进行对比，验证了滑雪式步态的可行性。同时，介绍了我队在该机器人挑战赛上的表现。

关键词：仿人机器人美国国防部先进研究项目局举办的机器人大挑战赛（DRC）崎岖地面行走滑雪式步态

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Application of artificial intelligence in surgery

Xiao-Yun Zhou, Yao Guo, Mali Shen, Guang-Zhong Yang

《医学前沿（英文）》 2020年第14卷第4期页码 417-430 doi: 10.1007/s11684-020-0770-0

摘要： Artificial intelligence (AI) is gradually changing the practice of surgery with technological advancements in imaging, navigation, and robotic intervention. In this article, we review the recent successful and influential applications of AI in surgery from preoperative planning and intraoperative guidance to its integration into surgical robots. We conclude this review by summarizing the current state, emerging trends, and major challenges in the future development of AI in surgery.

关键词： artificial intelligence surgical autonomy medical robotics deep learning